Person
MacGregor, Gregor (1786-1845)Other forms
Edinburgh 1786-12-24 - Caracas (Distrito Capital, Venezuela) Caracas (Distrito Capital, Venezuela) 1845-12-03
Gregor MacGregor (Edinburgh, Scotland, December 24, 1786-Caracas, Venezuela, December 4, 1845). He was a Scottish officer. He fought in the War of Independence of Venezuela. In 1803, he began his military career to join the British Navy. Between 1808 and 1809, he studied chemical and natural sciences at the University of Edinburgh. He was interested in the events that occurred in America and in particular the separatist movement of Caracas. Thus, he arrived in Venezuela in 1811 with the rank of Colonel. On March 26, 1812, Caracas suffered an earthquake and Mac Gregor lost all his belongings, but he was dedicated to help the injured people. Shortly after, he was assigned to a contingent of Cavalry under the orders of Francisco Miranda, who was appointed Supreme Commander of the Patriots armies. They fought the troops of Domingo Monteverde in his attempt to recover Venezuela for the realist cause. Despite the changing fortunes of war, MacGregor decided to provide his services to the Venezuelan revolutionaries. For his heroism in combat, he received from Miranda the position of General Brigadier of Cavalry. In 1812, after the signing of the San Mateo?s capitulation, which marks the fall of the first Republic, he emigrated to Curaçao. Then he traveled to Cartagena (Colombia), joining Simón Bolívar (1783-1830) in the Magdalena campaign. He was appointed Commander of the Province of Socorro, New Granada. Along with 1,200 men, he helped Antonio Nariño (1765-1823), who orders him to fight for the taking of the plaza of Santa Fe of Bogotá. He joined the troops of General Custodio García Rovira, and together attacked the royalists and kicked out them of Cucuta and Pamplona. Later, he was appointed as Chief of troops in the region. In 1815, he was in Cartagena when Pablo Morillo (1775-1837) besieged it and participated in the evacuation. In 1816, he joined to the expedition of Los Cayos in Haiti, which was planned by Bolivar. He arrived at Ocumare de la Costa (July 6) along with Santiago Mariño and Manuel Piar. Due to the failure of the Republicans in the battle of Los Aguacates (July 14), he took the command of the expedition and from Choroni, he retired towards the interior of Venezuela. In Onoto, he defeated Colonel Juan Nepomuceno Quero (18 July), continuing towards the plains and the Middle East. In Quebrada Honda he defeated again the realist Quero (August 2) and Colonel Rafael López in the battle of Los Alacranes (September 6). In Barcelona, he gave the command to the Major General Manuel Piar, both won the brigadier Francisco Tomás Morales at the battle of El Juncal (September 27). Shortly after this victory, he retired to the United States and Bolivar promoted him to Major General and also was honored with the Order of the Liberator. On June 29, 1817, he took the Amelia Island that was located in the northeastern part of Florida and began to organize the Republic of the Florida. Shortly after, he retired to the island of New Providence. In 1819, in London he organized the military expedition that leaded him to Portobello (Panama) where he defeated and kicked out the Spanish. Spanish forces counterattacked Panama by defeating the forces of MacGregor. Then, he retired to Río Hacha. But, due to a massive attack of Spanish and Indians troops, he ran away to Santo Domingo. In 1820, he returned to Margarita where was appointed one of the five deputies that were going to represent the island in the constituent Congress of Cucuta. He went to the North Coast of Nicaragua and there he called himself "his Royal Highness the Prince Gregor I, Cacique of Poyais", after this he returned to Europe. In the year of 1838, he returned to Venezuela and presented a Memorial to the National Government requesting his nationalization and restoration of his former military rank. On March 5 of that year, the Congress of Venezuela joined Sir Gregor Mac Gregor to the army with his rank of Major General, giving him the letter of naturalization and recognized him part of his military assets.