Real Audiencia y Chancillería de Valladolid
0978 - 1854
1395 - 1834
Predomina s. XVI-1834
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In 1371, the King Enrique II de Castilla issued the organization of the Administration of Justice and decided to create a lawcourt called "Royal Audience and Chancellery" with seven judges, so they can be held without the presence of the king, who was in the Middle Age the source of all justice. The newborn lawcourt always moved to the king's side, accompanied more and more by officers, lawyers, litigants, and their records. This continuous movement was very problematic so finally, in 1447 the King Juan II de Castilla decided to settle the Lawcourt in Valladolid. Afterwards, the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel I de Castilla and Fernando II de Aragón, reformed all the royal administration including the Royal Chancellery of Valladolid. In 1485, they approved the first Ordinances for the governance of the institution, which configured the main structure that continued working until its suppression in the XIX century. Also, its structure served as a model for the creation of other courts, like the second Royal Chancellery created with jurisdiction south of the Tagus river (first settled in Ciudad Real in 1494 and then transferred to Granada in 1505), or like some American audiences in Mexico and Peru. During almost all its existence, the government of the Royal Chancellery was directed by a President, assisted by the "oidores" (judges), who when meeting together, they constituted the "Acuerdo". The President was a layman from then on. He was a leading expert on civil law, a trained jurist and an expert in Castilian administration, as opposed to the president of other similar institutions in Spain and America, who exercise as governors or as captains. In the functional sphere the competence of the different courtrooms of the Royal Chancellery of Valladolid was as follows: - Sala de Hijosdalgo: With special jurisdiction in all the nobility lawsuits. - Sala de Vizcaya: With special jurisdiction for the native biscayans, wherever they were. Also, this courtroom heard in appeal sentences by the judge in the Señorío of Vizcaya. - Salas de lo Civil y lo Criminal: With ordinary jurisdiction about civil and criminal lawsuits, hearing appeals from lower courts but also resolving some type of lawsuits in the first instances. The French Revolution marked the beginning of a new period with new ideas, which were materialised in Spain in the first Spanish Constitution of 1812, which for the first time, it suppressed the Chancelleries. But it was after the death of the King Fernando VII in 1834 that the new regime became completely established, definitely abolishing the privileges of hidalgos and biscayans, as well as other judicial corporate bodies like the Inquisition, or the Chancelleries, changing even the judicial demarcations for the general administrative demarcations. Finally, the adoption of the Royal Decree of 26 January of 1834 set up new courts for the territorial ambit of the Royal Chancellery of Valladolid, called Territorial Audiences, responsible of ordinary jurisdiction and appeals. One of these Territorial Audiences was settled in Valladolid, exactly in the same place like the recently suppressed Royal Chancellery but only with competences in the provinces of Valladolid, León, Zamora, Salamanca and Palencia.
TRANSFER
Los pleitos, una vez concluida su tramitación, fueron ingresando en el archivo en diversas remesas espaciadas a lo largo de más de dos siglos -desde 1607 hasta el siglo XIX- procedentes de las casas de los escribanos.
This record set contains information about the organization and functions of the Administration of Justice during the early modern period in general and in particular, about the functioning of the Royal Chancellery of Valladolid, as its creator. As the spatial jurisdiction of the Royal Chancellery of Valladolid covered the territories of the Crown of Castilla located north of the Tagus river, this documentation contains historic information from the current Autonomous Communities of Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, Basque Country, La Rioja, Castilla y León, Madrid, part of Castilla-La Mancha and part of Extremadura. Also, the contained records serves to understand the economic and social relations of the inhabitants of these regions with other european and extra-european countries, including America. Due to its nature, there are two big types of records inside this fonds: The purely judicial records, created by the different offices of the Chancellery and by other judicial instances in the performance of their activities of administering justice. The other documentation of this fonds is that one that has no judicial origin, but ended up forming part of a lawsuit. This second type of records offers information related to several aspects of the personal and economic relations that were litigated between 15th and 19th centuries. Regarding to the structure of the fonds, there are various divisions to consider: - "Secretaría del Acuerdo y Gobierno del Crimen": The "Acuerdo" and the "Gobierno del Crimen" were the units responsible of the internal governance of the Institution. It integrates minutes of the plenaries and the files of control, functioning and government. - "Salas de lo Civil": There were four courtrooms to administer justice on civil lawsuits and appeals, whose work was divided among 12 public offices. This part of the fonds has preserved the structure and organization of these 12 offices to this day. - "Salas de lo Criminal": There were two courtrooms to administer justice on criminal lawsuits and appeals, supported by 3 public offices, similar to the civil offices. - "Sala de Hijosdalgo": There was a special courtroom for the nobility, in charge or resolving the recognitions of their privileges and their tax exemptions. - "Sala de Vizcaya": There was another special courtroom specifically for biscayans, wherever they were. - "Registro": In addition to the courtroom and the governing unit, there was a unit responsible of registering every record issued by the Court (Sentences, orders, provisions.).
Por su carácter histórico el fondo no es susceptible de ser eliminado. En el siglo XIX (1854-1858) se procedió al expurgo de parte de la documentación cuyos valores primarios habían prescrito, fundamentalmente expedientes criminales, motivo por el que esta documentación está en la actualidad considerablemente diezmada.
La organización del fondo respeta el principio de procedencia, por lo que reproduce con la organización y competencias que tuvo la Real Chancillería. Cuenta con las siguientes divisiones de fondo: 1. Secretaía del Acuerdo 2. Gobierno de la Sala del Crimen. 3. Salas de lo Civil. 4. Salas de lo Criminal. 5. Sala de Hijosdalgo. 6. Sala de Vizcaya. 7. Archivo y Registro. A ellas se unen dos colecciones facticias, creadas por motivos de conservación: 8. Planos y dibujos. 9. Pergaminos.
©MCD. Archivos Estatales (España). La difusión de la información descriptiva y de las imágenes digitales de este documento ha sido autorizada por el titular de los derechos de propiedad intelectual exclusivamente para uso privado y para actividades de docencia e investigación. En ningún caso se autoriza su reproducción con finalidad lucrativa ni su distribución, comunicación pública y transformación por cualquier medio sin autorización expresa y por escrito del propietario.
Acceso libre, regulado por la normativa vigente sobre acceso a archivos históricos (Ley 16/1985, de Patrimonio Histórico Español).
Images/documents have no access restrictions
Reproducción sujeta a la normativa establecida por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Principalmente microfilm y fotocopia, dependiendo del estado de conservación y, en su caso, del tipo de encuadernación. El archivo proporciona imágenes digitales de la colección de Planos y Dibujos.
Español (Alfabeto latino). Writing type: Gótica cortesana, Humanística, Procesal.
Documentación principalmente en papel, y excepcionalmente en pergamino y lienzo.
Cantabria (comunidad autónoma, España)
Guía del Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid/ dirección Soledad Arribas González, Ana Mª Feijóo Casado. Valladolid: Universidad, 1988.
Good
La documentación que se ha conservado está, en líneas generales, en buen estado de conservación. Las colecciones de Planos y Dibujos y Pergaminos están en su mayor parte restauradas.
Los pleitos vistos en la Real Chancillería en grado de apelación incluyen el traslado de las actuaciones de la primara instancia. Los originales de estas actuaciones de primera instancia se conservan -en caso de no haber desaparecido- en los archivos que hayan recogido la documentación de esas jurisdicciones inferiores (alcaldes ordinarios, alcaldes mayores, adelantados, merinos, corregidores, audiencias de Asturias y Galicia). Estos archivos son básicamente archivos municipales, archivos históricos provinciales y otros archivos con fondos judiciales, como el Archivo del Reino de Galicia.
FERNÁNDEZ DE AYALA AULESTIA, M. Práctica y Formulario de la Chancillería de Valladolid dirigido a la Real Chancillería, presidente y jueces ... Valladolid: Imprenta de Ioseph de Rueda, 1667. MARTÍN POSTIGO, Mª S. Historia del Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid. Valladolid, 1979 MARTÍN POSTIGO, Mª S. Los presidentes de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid. Valladolid: Institución Cultural Simancas, 1982 KAGAN, R.L. Pleitos y pleiteantes en Castilla, 1500-1700. Valladolid: Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 1991 VARONA GARCÍA, Mª A. La Chancillería de Valladolid en el reinado de los Reyes Católicos. Valladolid: Universidad, 1981 GARRIGA, C. La Audiencia y las Chancillerías Castellanas (1371-1525). Historia política, régimen jurídico y práctica institucional. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, 1994. MENDIZÁBAL, F."Investigaciones acerca del origen, historia y organización de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid, su jurisdicción y competencia". Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos, tomo XXX (1914). ARRIBAS GONZÁLEZ, Mª.S. Los fondos del Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid, Madrid, 1971
Existen hojas en pergamino de fechas anteriores utilizadas como guardas.