Person - Felipe IV (1605-1665, rey de España)
Identification
Type:
Person
Preferred form:
Felipe IV (1605-1665, rey de España)Other forms
Fechas de existencia:
Valladolid (España) 1605-04-08 - Valladolid (España) 1665-09-17
History:
Philip IV was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia, Duke of Milan, Sovereign of the Netherlands, and Count of Burgundy.
He was born in Valladolid on 8 April 1605 and died in the same city on 17 September 1665. He was the third of eight children, and the first male of the marriage between Philip III of Spain and his second cousin the Archduchess Margaret of Austria.
He married Elisabeth of France (daughter of Henry IV of France) in 1615 and they had seven children, but only two reached adulthood: Balthasar Charles (17 October 1629 - 9 October 1646), Prince of Asturias, and Maria Theresa (1638 - 1683), Queen Consort of King Louis XIV (9 June 1660).
After Elisabeth's death in 1644, a remarriage was arranged in 1647 with her niece Mariana of Austria, daughter of the marriage between her sister Maria Anna of Spain and Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor. The marriage took place in 1649 in Navalcarnero (Madrid). They had five children: Margaret Theresa (1651-1673), who Leopold I in 1666, emperor of the Holy Empire, king of Hungary and Bohemia; Charles II (1661-1700), future king of Spain. As for out-of-wedlock children, John of Austria (1629 - 1679) was the only one legitimated by his father during his life, with the actress María Inés Calderón. He presided over the government between 1677 and 1679.
During the first stage of his reign he shared the responsibility for State affairs with Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, who carried out an energetic foreign policy that sought to maintain Spanish hegemony in Europe. After Olivares' fall, he personally took charge of government affairs, aided by very influential courtiers such as Luis Méndez de Haro, Olivares' nephew, and the Duke of Medina de las Torres.
The early years of his reign were successful and heralded the restoration of the universal pre-eminence of The Habsburgs. However, the constant war of Protestant Europe and Catholic France against Spain led to the decline and ruin of the Hispanic Monarchy, which had to cede hegemony in Europe to the thriving France of Louis XIV, as well as to recognize the independence of Portugal and the United Provinces.
Reign:
King of Spain, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia: 1621-1665
King of Portugal: 1621-1640
Date of the event: 1618 - 1648
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Internal Structure-Genealogy:
Hijo de Felipe III, rey de España, y de Margarita de Austria.
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Sources
BERNECKER, Walther; COLLADO SEIDEL, Carlos y HOSER, Paul (ed. dirigida)., Los reyes de España: dieciocho retratos históricos desde los Reyes Católicos hasta la actualidad.- Madrid, Siglo XXI de España, 2005, p. 93-111.
FERRERA CUESTA, Carlos., Diccionario de historia de España.- Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2005.
GARCÍA CÁRCEL, Ricardo., "El reinado de Felipe IV: el perfil del rey" en Historia de España siglos XVI y XVII : la España de los Austrias / coord. por Ricardo García Cárcel , 2003, p. 301-304.
STRADING, Robert A., Felipe IV y el gobierno de España, 1621-1665.- Madrid, Cátedra, 1989.
CALVO POYATO, José., Felipe IV y el ocaso de un imperio.- Madrid, Ed. Planeta-De Agostini, 1997.
CHAMORRO, Eduardo., Felipe IV.- Madrid, Ed. Planeta, 1998.
GARCÍA CÁRCEL, Ricardo (coord.)., Historia de España siglos XVI y XVII : la España de los Austrias.- Madrid, Cátedra, 2003.
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