PARES | Spanish Archives

Identification

Type:

Person

Preferred form:

Andrés Zamora, Teresa (1907-1946)Other forms

Fechas de existencia:

Villalba de los Alcores (Valladolid, España) 1907 - Paris 1946-07-05

History:

Exiled Spanish librarian. Daughter of the doctor Diógenes Andrés Rueda and the teacher María del Pilar Zamora García. Teresa was born in 1907 in Villalba de los Alcores, the village where her parents were deployed in, before the family moved to Cervico de la Torre (Palencia). She was the oldest sister. She studied Education at the Escuela Normal de Maestras of Palencia. PhD in Philosophy and Letters, History Section by the former Universidad Complutense de Madrid. During her first years as a student in Madrid and the second half of the 20s she was living in the Residencia de Señoritas, which at that time was directed by María de Maeztu.

She obtained the best mark in the competitive examinations to the Faculty of Archivists, Librarians and Archaeologists in 1930 and was assigned to the Archaeological Museum of León in 1931; but, at the end of September of that same year, she was commissioned to organize the archives of the Royal Palace Archive, then called the National Palace. Between 1932 and 1933 she extended her studies in Germany thanks to a scholarship of the JAE (Board for the Extension of Studies and Scientific Research) and upon her return, she returned to her post at the National Palace, as it was called during the II Republic. During these years he completed his doctoral thesis on Spanish rejería, under the direction of Manuel Gómez Moreno. The beginning of the Spanish Civil War finds Teresa Andrés and her sister Troadio in Madrid. Her family suffered the retaliations during the military coup of 1936. Her father and her brother Dionisio died, while his bother Troadio fought in the Spanish Civil War being a lieutenant of the Spanish Republican Army. A Communist militant from 1933, Teresa married Emilio Gómez Nadal, one of the founders of the PCE (Spanish Communist Party). They had two children: one of them died soon after being born and Antonio, born in 1941, who was brought to Spain in 1942 and raised by his maternal grandmother.

During the Civil War, Teresa's work at the head of the Bibliotecas de Cultura Popular (Popular Culture Libraries), which she organized together with Juan Vicéns de la Llave, as well as her work as Delegate of the Ministry of Public Instruction in Valencia, stood out. She was also a member of the Management Commission of the Faculty of Archivists and Librarians, created in August 1936.

In 1939, she was separated from active service, by virtue of a depuration file, by application of the Law of Political Responsibilities: By Order of the Ministry of National Education of June 13, 1939 (BOE nº 174) she was definitively removed from the ranks of the Faculty Corps of Archivists and Librarians.

After the war, she and her husband went into exile in France, where they ended up joining the French Resistance. In Paris Marcel Bataillon managed to get her hired to make a collective catalog of Spanish books in Parisian libraries. She died a year after the liberation of Paris, of leukemia, at the age of thirty-nine.

World War, 1939-1945

Date of the event: 1939 - 1945

Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939

Date of the event: 1936 - 1939